Classical Free: AMERICAN GOVERNMENT AND HISTORY

WORLD HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY TIMELINE

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I. The Pagan World

II. The Prince of Peace establishes His Kingdom

III. The Patristic World: Plato revisited in Monasticism (Rise of the monastery)

IV. The Papal World: Aristotle revived in Scholasticism (Rise of the academy)

V. The Modern World

A. The 1400s, Age of Renaissance

B. The 1500s, Age of Reformation

C. The 1600s, Age of Revolution

D. The 1700s, Age of Reason

E. The 1800s, Age of Romanticism

F. The 1900s, Age of Relativism

I. THE PAGAN WORLD

AUTHOR	LIFE SPAN	PUB DATE	TITLE	PHILOSOPHICAL EVENT	HISTORICAL EVENT	DATE
					Exodus of the Jews	1441BC
					Siege of Troy	?
HOMER	850? BC	850? BC	Iliad/Odyssey	Autonomy of man	Assyrian Captivity	721BC
					Babylonian Captivity	586 BC
Aeschylus	525-456 BC		Eumenides	Foundations of Democracy
Sophocles	496?-406? BC	?	Oedipus Rex	Fatalism
					Handwriting on the Wall	539 BC
Herodotus	484?-425 BC		History of the Persian Wars	Father of history
					Battle of Salamis	480 BC
Euripides	480?-406? BC	?	The Bacchae	Chaos cults
					Peloponnesian War begins	431 BC
Thucydides	460-400 BC	?	Hist. Pelopponessian War	Greek history
ARISTOPHANES	448?-385 BC	423 BC	Clouds	Sophistry
SOCRATES	469-399 BC	N/A	N/A	What is truth?
PLATO	427-347 BC	?	Republic	Philosopher kings
ARISTOTLE	384-322 BC	?	The Politics	Natural Law
					Alexander's Conquest	334BC
Polybius	200?-118? BC	?	Universal History	Roman dominion
Lucretius	94?-55? BC	?	On the Nature of Things	Epicureanism	Roman Civil War
					1st Triumvirate	60 BC
CICERO	106-43 BC	51&43 BC	Republic & Law	"We the People"
					2nd Triumvirate	43 BC
VIRGIL	70-19 BC	19 BC	Aeneid	Political Salvation	Emperor Augustus	27 BC

II. PRINCE OF PEACE ESTABLISHES HIS KINGDOM

AUTHOR	LIFE SPAN	PUB DATE	TITLE	PHILOSOPHICAL EVENT	HISTORICAL EVENT	DATE
JESUS CHRIST	4 BC-30AD		The Holy Bible	I AM THE WAY	RESURRECTION	30 AD

III. THE PATRISTIC WORLD

AUTHOR	LIFE SPAN	PUB DATE	TITLE	PHILOSOPHICAL EVENT	HISTORICAL EVENT	DATE
					Steven: First Martyr	35AD
					Pauls Missionary Journeys
					Jerusalem Destroyed	70AD
Plutarch	46?-120 AD	?	Lives	Biographies
Ptolemy	100?-170?	?	The Almagest	Geocentrism
Plotinus	205-270	?	The Enneads	NeoPlatonism
Eusebius	260?-340?	324	Ecclesiastical History	Church history
CONSTANTINE	280?-337	325	Nicean Creed	Separation Church & State
					Battle of Milvian Bridge	312
					Edict of Milan	313
					Eastern Empire Founded	330
AUGUSTINE	354-430	426	City of God	Who is Sovereign?	Fall of Rome	410
					Leo announces Papal Supremacy	440
JUSTINIAN	483-565	534	Corpus Juris Civilis	Western legal tradition	Moslem Expansion	632
Unknown	700?		Beowulf
Saint Bede	673?-735	731	British History	Christian civilization
					Battle of Tours	732
Roland/Turold	?-778	1100?	Song of Roland	Medieval life
					Charlamagne Crowned	800

IV. THE PAPAL WORLD

AUTHOR	LIFE SPAN	PUB DATE	TITLE	PHILOSOPHICAL EVENT	HISTORICAL EVENT	DATE
					Chinese invent Gunpowder	1000
					Alfred at Altheney	878
					East/West Church Schism	1054
					Battle of Hastings	1066
					Investiture Struggle	1075
					Henry at Canossa	1077
ANSELM	1033-1109	1077	Monologium	Faith Precedes Knowledge	1st Crusade	1096
JOHN OF SALISBURY	1120-1180	1159	Polycraticus	Father of Political Science
					Thomas Beckett murdered	1170
					Genghis Khan	1207
Stephen Langton	?-1228	1215	Magna Carta	English liberty	Marco Polo embarks	1260
THOMAS AQUINAS	1226-1274	1274	Summa Theologica	Knowledge Precedes Faith

V. THE MODERN WORLD

A. The Age of Renaissance (The 1300s-1400s)

AUTHOR	LIFE SPAN	PUB DATE	TITLE	PHILOSOPHICAL EVENT	HISTORICAL EVENT	DATE
					7th Crusade
WILLIAM WALLACE	1272-1305	1840	The Scottish Chiefs	God Armeth the Patriot	Edward invades Scotland	1296
DANTE ALIGHIERI	1265-1321	1311?	De Monarchia	One World Government
MARSIGLIO OF PADUA	1274-1343	1324	Defensor Pacis	The Secular State	100-years War Begins	1337
					Black Death killed 75 Million	1347
					Wycliffe's English Translation	1382
William of Occam	1285?-1349?	?	Occam's Razor	Nominalism
Geoffrey Chaucer	1343?-1400	1400	Canterbury Tales	Medieval life
					Battle of Agincourt	1415
					Joan of Arc martyred	1431
Thomas a Kempis	1380?-1471	?	Imitation of Christ	Monastic Rules
					Fall of Byzantium	1453
					Printing Press	1455
					Voyage of Columbus	1492
					Vasco DaGama: Trade route to India	1497
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI	1469-1527	1513	The Prince	Political Opportunism
Thomas More	1478-1535	1516	Utopia	Socialist paradise
Leonardo da Vinci	1452-1519	1519	Notebooks	Renaissance man

V. THE MODERN WORLD (Continued)

B. The Age of Reformation (The 1500s)

AUTHOR	LIFE SPAN	PUB DATE	TITLE	PHILOSOPHICAL EVENT	HISTORICAL EVENT	DATE
MARTIN LUTHER	1483-1546	1523	Concerning Sec. Authority	Door of Reform Left Ajar For Legal Positivism	95 Theses	1517
					Voyage of Magellan	1519
JOHN CALVIN	1509-1564	1536	Institutes of Chr. Religion	Foundations of Freedom
NICHOLAUS COPERNICUS	1473-1543	1543	On the Revolutions	World Turned Upside Down
John Foxe	1516-1587	1563	Foxe's Book of Martyrs	Christian Martyrs
					Jacques Cartier: NW Passage	1534
					Inquisition begins	1542
					Dutch War Independence	1568
JOHANNES KEPLER	1571-1630	1609	Astonomia Nova		Laws of Planetary Motion	1609
					St. Bartholomew Massacre	1572
					English Sea Dogs	1577
BRUTUS/MORNAY	1549-1623	1579	Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos	Resistance to tyranny
					Spanish Armada Defeated	1588
RICHARD HOOKER	1553-1600	1594	Laws Ecclesiastical Polity	Divine Right of Kings
William Shakespeare	1564-1616		Collected Works	Character studies	Edict of Nantes	1598

V. THE MODERN WORLD (Continued)

C. The Age of Revolution (The 1600s)

AUTHOR	LIFE SPAN	PUB DATE	TITLE	PHILOSOPHICAL EVENT	HISTORICAL EVENT	DATE
Edmund Spenser	1552-1599	1590	The Faerie Queene	Chivalric romance & virtue
					King James Crowned	1603
					King James Bible	1604
					Jamestown	1607
					Thirty years War Begins	1618
FRANCIS BACON	1561-1626	1620	Novus Organum	Inductive Rationalism	Plymouth Plantation	1620
EDWARD COKE	1552-1634	1628	Petition of Right	Common Law of England
John Winthrop	1588-1649	1826	History of New England	Puritans in New England
RENE DESCARTES	1596-1650	1637	Discourse on Method	Deductive Rationalism
SAMUEL RUTHERFORD	1600-1661	1644	Lex Rex	Magistrate & Biblical Law
JOHN MILTON	1608-1674	1649	Tenure of Kings	Regicide	Charles II beheaded	1649
THOMAS HOBBES	1588-1679	1651	Leviathan	Political Absolutism	Cromwell's Protectorate
JAMES HARRINGTON	1611-1677	1656	Oceania	The Secular Republic
					The Stuart Restoration	1660
					Glorious Revolution	1688
BLASE PASCAL	1623-1662	1670	Pensees	Reasons of the Heart
JOHN BUNYAN	1628-1688	1678	The Pilgrim's Progress	Pietism
ISAAC NEWTON	1642-1727	1687	Principia Mathematica	Deism--Marginalizing God
JOHN LOCKE	1632-1704	1690	Second Treatise on Govt.	The Social Contract
					Bank of England	1694

V. THE MODERN WORLD (Continued)

D. The Age of Reason (The 1700s)

AUTHOR	LIFE SPAN	PUB DATE	TITLE	PHILOSOPHICAL EVENT	HISTORICAL EVENT	DATE
Cotton Mather	1663-1728	1702	Magnolia Christi Amer.	Decline of Puritanism
Daniel Defoe	1660?-1731	1719	Robinson Crusoe	Sovereignty in mercy
JONATHAN SWIFT	1667-1745	1726	Gulliver's Travels	Govt. bureaucracy & education
DAVID HUME	1711-1776	1740	Treatise of Human Nature	The death of Empiricism
					First Great Awakening	1720-1750
Charles Montesque	1689-1755	1748	The Spirit of Laws	Division of powers
Jonathan Edwards	1703-1758	1754	Freedom of Will	Sovereignty of man
					Industrial Revolution begins	1760
Voltaire	1694-1778	1759	Candide	Problem of evil
ROUSSEAU	1712-1778	1762	The Social Contract	The Noble Savage
ADAM SMITH	1723-1790	1776	Wealth of Nations	The Hidden Hand
THOMAS PAINE	1737-1809	1776	Rights of Man	Liberty from Law
THOMAS JEFFERSON	1743-1826	1776	Declaration of Independ.	Civil Religion	American Revolution	1776
JEREMY BENTHAM	1748-1832	1776	Fragment on Government	Utilitarianism
JOHN WITHERSPOON	1723-1794	1772	Lectures on Moral Phil.	Common Sense Realism
IMMANUEL KANT	1724-1804	1781	Critique of Pure Reason	It's All Relative
James Madison	1751-1836	1787	U.S. Constitution	Covenant broken	Constitutional Conv.	1787
Patrick Henry	1736-1799	1788	Anti-Federalist Papers	Decentralization	Constitutional debates	1788
Edward Gibbon	1737-1794	1788	Decline & Fall Roman Em.	Cultural decline analyzed
Johann Goethe	1749-1832	1808	Faust	Individualism	French Revolution	1790
					Second Great Awakening	1795-1835

V. THE MODERN WORLD (Continued)

E. The Age of Romanticism (The 1800s)

AUTHOR	LIFE SPAN	PUB DATE	TITLE	PHILOSOPHICAL EVENT	HISTORICAL EVENT	DATE
					Louisiana Purchase	1803
					Lewis & Clark	1804
Georg Wilhelm Hegel	1770-1831	1807	Phenomenology of Mind	The dialectic	Fulton's Steam Boat	1807
					Napoleon at Waterloo	1815
Sir Walter Scott	1771-1832	1819	Ivanhoe	Romanticism
					Darwin's HMS Beagle	1831
					Samuel Morse: Telegraph	1844
Alexis De Tocqueville	1805-1859	1840	Democracy In America	Critique of Democracy
AUGUSTE COMTE	1798-1857	1842	Course of Positive Phil.	Sociology
Soren Kierkegaard	1813-1855	1846	Fear & Trembling	Religious Existentialism
KARL MARX	1818-1883	1848	Communist Manifesto	Socialist paradise
Frederick Bastiat	1801-1850	1850	The Law	Socialism unveiled
HERMAN MELVILLE	1819-1891	1851	Moby Dick	Sovereignty in judgment
John Stuart Mill	1806-1873	1859	On Liberty	Utilitarianism
Charles Dickens	1812-1870	1859	A Tale of Two Cities	French Revolution
CHARLES DARWIN	1809-1882	1859	On the Origin of Species	Theory of Evolution
					American Civil War	1861
Abraham Lincoln	1809-1865	1863	Gettysburg Address	Centralization
Robert Lewis Dabney	1820-1893	1867	A Defense of the South	Right of Secession
					Transcontinental Railway	1869
					Napoleon III defeated	1870
Fyodor Dostoyevsky	1821-1881	1872	Grand Inquisitor	Society without God
					Bell invents telephone	1876
					Wright Brother's Flight	1903

V. THE MODERN WORLD (Continued)

F. The Age of Relativism (The 1900s)

AUTHOR	LIFE SPAN	PUB DATE	TITLE	PHILOSOPHICAL EVENT	HISTORICAL EVENT	DATE
Sigmund Freud	1856-1939	1900	Interpretation of Dreams	Psychoanalysis
Friedrich Nietzsche	1844-1900	1901	The Will to Power	God is Dead
Albert Einstein	1879-1955	1905	Theory of Relativity	Quantum mechanics
					Auto Assembly Line	1913
					Federal Reserve Bank	1913
					Panama Canal	1914
					WWI	1914
John Dewey	1859-1952	1916	A Common Faith	Government schools
					Russian Revolution	1917
					Scopes Monkey Trial	1925
					Stock Market Crash	1929
					WWII	1939
					United Nations	1945
RICHARD WEAVER	1910-1963	1948	Ideas Have Consequences	Dissecting Disaster
GEORGE ORWELL	1903-1950	1949	1984	Negative Utopia
C.S. Lewis	1898-1963	1952	Screwtape Letters	Satanic Strategies
CORNELIUS VAN TIL	1895-1987	1955	Defense of the Faith	How Do You Know?
Aleksandr Solzenitsyn	1918-	1973	The Gulag Archipelago	Soviet terrorism
					Man on the Moon	1969
					Fall of Berlin Wall	1989
					Fall of Soviet Union	1991
					President Clinton Impeached	1999
					Terrorist Attack on Twin Towers	2001

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